Military dictatorships may be ruled by a single high-ranking military officer or by a group of such officers. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. In some such countries, elected presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by establishing one-party rule and suppressing the opposition, while in others the army seized power and established military dictatorships. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. dictatorship, Form of government in which one person or an oligarchy possesses absolute power without effective constitutional checks. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. The meaning of dictator is to grant a person absolute or unlimited government power during an emergency. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. However, his presidency came under dispute in 2019. Articles on Dictatorship. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 279 lessons. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. He began his rule in 2011 and has been the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2012. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. The general population has no say in the functioning of the government. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. The root word dictator comes from the Roman Republic when a "dictator" would be appointed temporarily during an emergency or state crisis. A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the absolute rule of one person or a very small group of people who hold all political power. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid is right: U.S. must get In its 19th-century form, caudillismo was the result of the breakdown of central authority. According to Ford, Dictatorship is the assumption of extra-legal authority by the Head of the State. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, The Power of the Federal Judiciary: Sources & Consequences, Totalitarian Government | Characteristics & Examples. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Dictatorship News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. They are not held accountable for their actions and are free to do as they please, even limiting citizens' freedom and rights, including: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Dictatorship: Meaning, Its advantages and disadvantages Try not to focus so much on whether you are right or wrong, but rather, ask yourself if the leaders that you put on the list fit the characteristics ascribed to dictators. dictator + -ship, as translation of Latin dicttra. Democracy Features & Examples | What is a Democratic Country? [123], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. The constitutional systems inherited from the colonial powers proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class; local traditions of autocratic rule retained a powerful influence; the army, one of the few organized forces in society, was also often the only force capable of maintaining order; and a tiny intellectual class was impatient for economic progress, frustrated by the lack of opportunity, and deeply influenced by the example of authoritarianism in other countries. Question . Make a list of at least four leaders from world history that could be considered dictators. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Dictatorship - HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Rule by dictator. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many monarchies (a form of dictatorship) started to decline and disappear. A cult of personality often surrounds a dictator, driven by myths - typically perpetuated by the government-controlled media - about the ruler that are designed to build him up in the minds of the citizens as an all-knowing divine being who is the only one capable of bringing prosperity to the nation. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Presidential System of Government Overview & Function | 7 Roles of the President, Landmark Cases Based on Constitutional Amendments. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. totalitarianism, form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state. However, over the years, these governments evolved into national leaders and were put in their position of power by nationalistic military officers. An authoritarian military dictatorship ruled Chile for seventeen years, between 11 September 1973 and 11 March 1990. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption. As a result, dictatorship became one of the two dominant forms of government utilized by countries. It is an authoritarian form of government where one person is in charge of enforcing and enacting the law. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. 18 Dictatorship Examples (2023) - Helpful Professor Current leader Kim Jong-un has consolidated his power, purging . Dictatorship - Wikipedia In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Instigated by multiple governments in South America, Operation Condor resulted in hundreds, potentially thousands, of human rights . These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. Updates? Of the 197 countries in the world today, approximately 20 are classified as dictatorships, depending upon the source consulted. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. [132] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 19:44. North Korea's Power Structure - Council on Foreign Relations A dictatorship is a form of government in which most or all authority of the country is in the hands of a single individual; the leader. The 20th-century dictatorships in Latin American countries had different aims. The people themselves have few rights and little power. Strict government-imposed constraints on social freedoms such as suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activity The presence of a ruling executive with vague, shifting, and loosely-defined powers Modern dictatorships such as Venezuela under Hugo Chvez and Cuba under Fidel Castro typify authoritarian governments. The people living in dictatorships are often subjected to human rights abuses and severe limits to their personal freedom. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The two systems, however, may be distinguished in several ways. Whether as presidential dictatorships or as military dictatorships, the regimes that came into being appear to have had common roots in the social and economic problems of the new state. The complex decisions required of governments in a technological era, the perfectionist impulses of the great bureaucratic structures that have developed in all industrialized societies, and the imperatives of national survival in a nuclear world continue to add to the process of executive aggrandizement. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "5. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Hours after Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid landed in Miami after being thrown out of Colombia, I talked with him extensively about Colombian President Gustavo Petro's initiative to . [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Most dictatorship countries do not refer to their leader as a dictator, but rather as kings, presidents, prime ministers, etc. While the term has been used several times throughout history, most common usage of the term is in relation to different types of dictatorships that existed in the 20th and 21st centuries. I feel like its a lifeline. In other new countries, the armies seized power, and military dictatorships were established. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. Dictatorship | What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. Rule by dictators has taken several different forms. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. - Definition & Examples, Probationary Period of Employment: Policy & Termination, Historical Cost: Definition, Principle & Advantages, What is Strategic Sourcing? These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'dictatorship.' At various points in the 20th and 21st centuries, during periods of domestic or foreign crisis, most constitutional regimes conferred emergency powers on the executive, suspending constitutional guarantees of individual rights or liberties or declaring some form of martial law. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Dictators make unilateral decisions that affect their countries without having to consult any other branch of government.

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