This overview measured overlap using the corrected covered area (CCA) [16] and did not exclude overlapping studies. The significance of records management to public healthcare facilities and institutions includes operational cost reduction and elimination of duplicated overhead costs; eliminates the creation. 20 SRs fulfilled all inclusion criteria and were included in this overview. S7 Appendix gives the PRISMA checklist that was used. Electronic Health Records: An Essential Tool for School Nurses - NASN Advancement in the use of EHRs occurred with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which provides incentives for p Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. implementation guidance calls for the prioritization of school health programs as an important step towards universal health coverage and urges that Every school should be a health promoting school [10]. The school nurse will be an integral member of a child's larger healthcare team, assuring implementation of the plan of care and providing timely information from the school health record about student response to care. Each of these three assessment tools allows users to analyze the comprehensiveness of the policies, programs, and infrastructure in place to address student and staff health. Another important gap that this overview reveals is a lack of research on interventions carried out in LMIC and low-income countries (LIC). Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. In 1995, WHO launched the GlobalSchool Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthenapproaches to health promotion in schools. That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Additionally, reference lists of included articles were scanned for any relevant SRs. We would like to thank Tomas Allen for his guidance and support in designing the search strategy. This overview found only one SR that assessed obesity treatment and prevention delivered by a health professional in schools, despite the fact that over 340 million school-age children and adolescents were overweight or obese in 2016 [46]. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Schools are the only institution regularly reaching the majority of school-age children and adolescents across the globe. It is likely that some interventions may have the same or perhaps an even better level of effectiveness when delivered by non-health providers, such as a teacher, as compared to when delivered by health providers. Retain all of your child's school accounts can help you see trends and patterns over time. This overview was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) [11]. CDC twenty four seven. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. The sixth study assessed a 4-day program in Brazil. Copyright: 2019 Levinson et al. Reasons for exclusion were selected from the ranked list. A PHR also empowers you to manage your health between visits. The need for quality health care for519-year-olds is great, but globally the quality ofhealth services for them are variable and coverageis limited. Maintaining accurate records is essential to provid- ing quality care and protecting the health and safety of children in child care settings. School health services (SHS), as defined in thisguideline, are services provided by a health workerto students enrolled in primary or secondaryeducation, either within school premises or in ahealth service situated outside the school. In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. Through meta-analysis of two RCTs, the authors found that school vision screening combined with provision of free spectacles resulted in a statistically significant 60% increase in the wearing of spectacles at 38 months follow-up as compared to vision screening combined with prescription for spectacles only [21]. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). Among those approaches, pairing children with health services occupies an important place. When used properly, EHRs have the potential to "maximize quality, decrease cost, and prevent errors, as well as promote the interoperability of school health records with providers in other care settings." School nurses might use an EHR for: Tracking student health trends Ensuring health documentation is secure and compliant You can review and change the way we collect information below. Tips for Selecting an Electronic Documentation System, Healthcare Information and Management Systems(HIMSS), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Health Information Privacy, Your Rights Under HIPAA. School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). A SR on sexual health interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African countries found that educational interventions were successful in increasing knowledge and attitudes for participants (Table 3F) [35]. This structure can help schools avoid duplication, refine purpose, and coordinate various initiatives across the whole school. school health services This overview found 20 SRs covering 270 primary studies. (2019). Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. division of school health school health record name: last, first, middle birthdate: month, day, year gender: male female father's name: last, first, middle . School health will be fully integrated into the greater healthcare system to provide a holistic, child-centered, health system. Schools are essential for young people to acquireknowledge, socioemotional skills including selfregulationand resilience, and critical thinking skillsthat provide the foundation for a healthy future. Prevention and treatment of mood disorders was assessed in five SRs, all of which targeted children and adolescents using RCTs of established programs. A meta-analysis of two studies on sanitary pad provision found a moderate but statistically non-significant effect on school attendance. Leading causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 1019 year olds were iron deficiency anemia, road injury, depressive disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases [47]. While this overview found significant gaps in the evidence for certain health areas, this does not necessarily mean that relevant high quality primary trials have not been conducted. You may know to keep a file of those records. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The formula for the CCA is: Five of the included studies examined the same weekly sleep education program from the Australian Centre for Education in Sleep. Second, the ability of overviews to make valid and accurate conclusions is dependent upon the accuracy, rigor, and inclusiveness of the SRs themselves. Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. A health book contains the names of students/Pupils who brings complains to the clinic, . Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative record of each pupil by the class teachers. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. A key limitation of this overview is that only publications self-titled systematic reviews were included. A SR and meta-analysis by Bastounis and colleagues on the educational and preventative Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) and its derivatives found small, non-significant effect sizes for the prevalence of both depression and anxiety, favoring the intervention in the former and the control in the latter [19]. In 2000, WHO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank developed a partnership for Focusing Resources on Effective School Healtha FRESH Start approach [2]. More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. Suggested citation: National Association of School Nurses. CDC twenty four seven. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. It develops personal character, skills, attitude, and physique. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Following the recommendation of the AMSTAR 2 developers [17], individual ratings were not combined into an overall score. Schools offer a unique opportunity toimplement effective health services at scale forchildren and adolescents. PLoS ONE 14(6): Similarly, some states require portions of the Healthy School Report Card to be completed. Meta-analysis results indicated a statistically significant effect on the before-after change in caries prevalence [25]. This is problematic given that health disparities for children and adolescents are greater in LMIC and LIC than in higher income countries [10]. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Strongest evidence in favor of oral health interventions emerged from a SR on universal topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25]. Why Certain School Records Are Important to Keep Finally, meta-analysis by Werner-Seidler and colleagues of 81 RCTs on the effectiveness of depression and anxiety prevention and group therapy programs found small yet statistically significant effect sizes in favor of the intervention groups for both depression and anxiety as compared to control groups [28]. School health services (SHS), as defined in this guideline, are services provided by a health worker to students enrolled in . school district county sch yr grade special health problems/parent concerns: quick reference: physical exam: k/1 6 11 3 7 . It is unclear if this finding indicates a lack of primary studies on comprehensive or multi-component school health services, or if primary studies do exist but no SR has been conducted. Chung and colleagues systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed universal sleep education programs as compared to no additional sleep intervention from Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Hong Kong (Table 3G) [20]. Two reviewers (KK and JL) screened all titles and abstracts using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and excluded all articles that were definitely ineligible. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. These criteria likely exclude potentially relevant literature. A strength of this overview is that it attempted to answer a question that has not yet been answered regarding the effectiveness of both comprehensive and specific school health services delivered by a health provider. This document replaces the School Nurse Role in Electronic School Health Records (January 2014). Children's health records can help child care providers identify preven-tive health needs such as immunizations or dental care, prepare a special care plan for children with chronic health conditions . This overview used the corrected covered area (CCA), a comprehensive and validated measure, to determine overlap [16]. More than half of included SRs analyzed mental health and oral health interventions, and no SRs were found that assessed other relevant health areas, such as vaccinations, communicable diseases, injuries, etc. School nurses also maintain health records on students who fall outside the typical health care provider systems and whose only source of care may be the school nurse. Investigating the effectiveness of school health services - PLOS Although at least 102 countries have school health services, there is no rigorous, evidence-based guidance on which school health services are effective and should be implemented in schools. Two SRs found evidence for the potential effectiveness of educational interventions for children and adolescents with asthma diagnoses (Table 3A) [31,37]. 1720 references were identified from the systematic literature search. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Research Brief: Addressing the Needs of Students with Chronic Health Conditions: Strategies for Schools, Research Brief: Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement, Fact Sheet: Health Insurance for Children: How Schools Can Help, Fact Sheet: Managing Chronic Health Conditions in Schools: The Role of the School Nurse, National Center for Medical Home Implementation School Nurses Linking with the Medical Home, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Academic Grades, Tobacco Product Use Behaviors and Academic Grades, Other Health Behaviors and Academic Grades, Characteristics of an Effective Curriculum, Tips for Promoting School Employee Wellness, Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool, Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement in Schools, Inclusive School Physical Education and Physical Activity, Physical Activity Before and After School, What School Nutrition Professionals Need to Know About COVID-19, Modifying School Spaces During Mealtimes to Reduce Spread of COVID-19, Supporting Students with Chronic Health Conditions in School-Based OST Programs, Healthy and Supportive School Environments, Strategies to Create a Healthy and Supportive School Environment, Strategies to Help Parents and Families Create Healthy and Supportive School Environments, How Families Can Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Toolkit for Schools: Engaging Parents to Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS), e-Learning Series: Training Tools for Healthy Schools, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program, Guide to Evaluating Professional Development, Understanding the Training of Trainers Model, Professional Development Follow-Up Support, How to Build a Training Cadre: A Step-by-Step Process, Guide to Promoting Professional Development, Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC), Encourage healthy eating in school and at home, Dental Sealants Can Improve Students Oral Health, Give Your Kids a Healthy Body and Mind This Summer, Engaging Parents to Promote Healthy Schools, Funded Nongovernmental Organizations for Healthy Schools, BAM!

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