Leg transition normally occurs at the turn bisector for a fly-by waypoint. The two terms, often used interchangeably, in fact mean different things: Courses are the direction which the aircraft is actually traveling (impacted by winds), Headings are the directions which the aircraft faces (where it is pointed). Before conducting these procedures, operators should refer to the latest AC 90-101, Approval Guidance for RNP Procedures with AR. Continue searching. GPS with or without Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) (for example, WAAS) can provide the lateral information to support LNAV minima. Erau Flight Plan - CFI Notebook: "Higher" Education RF turn capability is optional in RNP 0.3 eligibility. Preflight Planning - CFI Notebook GBAS Landing System (GLS) procedures are also constructed using RNP APCH NavSpecs and provide precision approach capability. Still looking for something? Initial data elements included are: Airport and Helicopter Records, VHF and NDB Navigation aids, en route waypoints and airways. At the alternate airport, pilots may plan for applicable alternate airport weather minimums using: Lateral navigation (LNAV) or circling minimum descent altitude (MDA); LNAV/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV) DA, if equipped with and using approved barometric vertical navigation (baroVNAV) equipment; RNP 0.3 DA on an RNAV (RNP) IAP, if they are specifically authorized users using approved baroVNAV equipment and the pilot has verified required navigation performance (RNP) availability through an approved prediction program, If the above conditions cannot be met, any required alternate airport must have an approved instrument approach procedure other than GPS that is anticipated to be operational and available at the estimated time of arrival, and which the aircraft is equipped to fly, This restriction does not apply to TSOC145() and TSOC146() equipped users (WAAS users), The low-strength data transmission signals from GPS satellites are vulnerable to various anomalies that can significantly reduce the reliability of the navigation signal. RNP APCH has a lateral accuracy value of 1 in the terminal and missed approach segments and essentially scales to RNP 0.3 (or 40 meters with SBAS) in the final approach. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Products: Flight Information Publication (FLIP) Planning Documents, FLIP En-route Charts and Chart Supplements, FLIP Instrument Approach Procedures (IAPs), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), https://www.icao.int/publications/Pages/catalogue.aspx, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-1) General, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-2) Obtaining Aeronautical Charts, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-3) Selected Charts and Products Available, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-4) General Description of each Chart Series, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-5) Where and How to Get Charts of Foreign Areas, Federal Aviation Administration - Aeronautical Chart User's Guide, Federal Aviation Administration - AeroNav, Federal Aviation Administration - AeroNav Digital Products, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, Civil aeronautical charts for the U.S. and its territories and possessions are produced by the. Fundamentals of Instructing Task A: Human Behavior and Effective Communication Task B: The Learning Process Task C: The Teaching Process Task D: Assessment and Critique Task E: Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism Task F: Techniques of Flight Instruction Task G: Risk Management II. CFI Notebook | PDF | Risk Management | Flight Instructor - Scribd PDF Flight Instructor PTS with changes 1 through 6 Still looking for something? About CFI Notebook On AeroNav Products charts, very high frequencies and ultra-high frequencies (VHF/UHF) NAVAIDs (e.g., VORs) are depicted in black, while low frequencies and medium frequencies (LF/MF) are depicted as brown. Table of Contents Areas of Operation: Single-Engine Land I. The data is provided as a GeoTIFF and distributed on DVD-R media and on the AeroNav Products website. GPS is also a necessary component of the Aircraft Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) - an aircraft safety system that alerts pilots of upcoming terrain. Also provides a means for pilots to update visual charts between edition dates, Published every 56 days while sectional and Terminal Area charts are generally revised every 6 months, Update Bulletins are available for free download from the AeroWeb website, Volumes are side-bound 5-3/8 x 8-1/4 inches, Civil/military flight information publication issued by FAA every 56 days, It is a single volume booklet designed for use with appropriate IFR or VFR charts, The Supplement Alaska contains an Chart Supplement U.S., airport sketches, communications data, weather data sources, airspace, listing of navigational facilities, and special notices and procedures, Volume is side-bound 5-3/8 x 8-1/4 inches, Designed for use with appropriate VFR or IFR en-route charts, Included are the Chart Supplement U.S., communications data, weather data sources, airspace, navigational facilities, special notices, and Pacific area procedures, IAP charts, DP charts, STAR charts, airport diagrams, radar minimums, and supporting data for the Hawaiian and Pacific Islands are included, FAA controllers to monitor transatlantic flights, this 5-color chart shows oceanic control areas, coastal navigation aids, oceanic reporting points, and NAVAID geographic coordinates, Designed for FAA controllers to monitor transoceanic flights, The show established intercontinental air routes, including reporting points with geographic positions, The OC is a 1:12,000 scale graphic depicting part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace surfaces, a representation of objects that penetrate these surfaces, aircraft movement and apron areas, navigational aids, prominent airport buildings, and a selection of roads and other planimetric detail in the airport vicinity, Also included are tabulations of runway and other operational data, A booklet designed to be used as a teaching aid and reference document, It describes the substantial amount of information provided on FAA's aeronautical chart and publications, It includes explanations and illustrations of chart terms and symbols organized by chart type, The users guide is available for free download at the AeroNav website, The DAICD is a combination of the NAVAID Digital Data File, the Digital Chart Supplement, and the Digital Obstacle File on one Compact Disk, These three digital products are no longer sold separately, The files are updated every 56 days and are available by subscription only, This file contains a current listing of NAVAIDs that are compatible with the National Airspace System, This file contains all NAVAIDs including ILS and its components, in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands plus bordering facilities in Canada, Mexico, and the Atlantic and Pacific areas, This file describes all obstacles of interest to aviation users in the U.S., with limited coverage of the Pacific, Caribbean, Canada, and Mexico, The obstacles are assigned unique numerical identifiers, accuracy codes, and listed in order of ascending latitude within each state or area, The CIFP is a basic digital dataset, modeled to an international standard, which can be used as a basis to support GPS navigation. The 13 Colonies (an odd number) were on the east coast of the U.S. NEODD SWEVEN: North East Odd, South West Even, Once a route has been chosen, you need to calculate headings/courses to be flown. A-RNP allows for scalable RNP lateral navigation values (either 1.0 or 0.3) in the terminal environment. CFI Notebook Flight Training Aircraft Operations Aerodynamics & Performance Maneuvers & Procedures Operation of Aircraft Systems Weather & Atmosphere National Airspace System Avionics & Instruments Publications & References Aeromedical & Human Factors Navigation & Flight Planning Rules & Regulations Flight Hazards & Safety Air Traffic Control In the U.S., a specific procedure's Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) requirements will be prominently displayed in separate, standardized notes boxes. For example, an ILS with an RNAV missed approach would require a specific capability to fly the missed approach portion of the procedure. Charted RNP values of 0.30 or below should contain two decimal places (for example, RNP 0.15, or 0.10, or 0.30) whereas the NavSpec title will only state "RNP 0.3", U.S. standard lateral accuracy values typically used for various routes and procedures supporting RNAV operations may be based on use of a specific navigational system or sensor such as GPS, or on multi-sensor RNAV systems having suitable performance, In the U.S., PBN requirements like Lateral Accuracy Values or NavSpecs applicable to a procedure will be depicted on affected charts and procedures. The Chart Supplement U.S. shows data that cannot be readily depicted in graphic form; e.g. The CFI, or Flight Instructor Notebook, is an instructor's guide to navigating the sea of resources to provide useful guidance for their students and themselves. notebook-8/,$1 %/$1&+$5'. A table of compliant equipment is available at the following website: Subject to the operating requirements, operators may use a suitable RNAV system in the following ways, Determine aircraft position relative to, or distance from a VOR (see NOTE 6 below), TACAN, NDB, compass locator, DME fix; or a named fix defined by a VOR radial, TACAN course, NDB bearing, or compass locator bearing intersecting a VOR or localizer course, Navigate to or from a VOR, TACAN, NDB, or compass locator, Hold over a VOR, TACAN, NDB, compass locator, or DME fix, This restriction includes conducting a conventional approach at the alternate airport using a substitute means of navigation that is based upon the use of GPS, For example, these restrictions would apply when planning to use GPS equipment as a substitute means of navigation for an out-of-service VOR that supports an ILS missed approach procedure at an alternate airport, In this case, some other approach not reliant upon the use of GPS must be available, This restriction does not apply to RNAV systems using TSO-C145/-C146, For flight planning purposes, TSO-C129() and TSO-C196() equipped users (GPS users) whose navigation systems have fault detection and exclusion (FDE) capability, who perform a preflight RAIM prediction at the airport where the RNAV (GPS) approach will be flown, and have proper knowledge and any required training and/or approval to conduct a GPS-based IAP, may file based on a GPS-based IAP at either the destination or the alternate airport, but not at both locations. There are several potential advantages of RNAV routes and procedures: Reduced dependence on radar vectoring, altitude, and speed assignments allowing a reduction in required ATC radio transmissions, and, In addition to information found in this manual, guidance for domestic RNAV DPs, STARs, and routes may also be found in Advisory Circular 90-100(), U.S. Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations, RNAV procedures, such as DPs and STARs, demand strict pilot awareness and maintenance of the procedure centerline, Pilots should possess a working knowledge of their aircraft navigation system to ensure RNAV procedures are flown in an appropriate manner, In addition, pilots should have an understanding of the various waypoint and leg types used in RNAV procedures; these are discussed in more detail below, A waypoint is a predetermined geographical position that is defined in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, Waypoints may be a simple named point in space or associated with existing navaids, intersections, or fixes, A waypoint is most often used to indicate a change in direction, speed, or altitude along the desired path, RNAV procedures make use of both fly-over and fly-by waypoints, Fly-by waypoints are used when an aircraft should begin a turn to the next course prior to reaching the waypoint separating the two route segments. For some navigation systems and operations, manual selection of scaling will be necessary, Pilots flying FMS equipped aircraft with barometric vertical navigation (Baro-VNAV) may descend when the aircraft is established on-course following FMS leg transition to the next segment. An example of a generic NAVLOG is provided below: Fill out the departure and arrival airport information including frequencies, traffic altitudes, and heights above ground, Fill in information concerning flight service or any item you will want to reference in regards to that airport, If you want, draw an airport diagram in the box but still carry a larger printed diagram for easier use and more detail, Determine a MSL cruise altitude based on weather and direction of flight, Calculate pressure altitude for your airport (important for performance calculations), Determine the temperature (important for performance calculations), Calculate density altitude (important for performance calculations), Determine a horsepower setting and the accompanying RPM settings, KTAS and Gallons per Hour, Used to plot any changes to a heading for the entire route to estimate times, distances and fuel used, Fuel Planning calculated with flight computer (arrow on GPH, read under time), List all checkpoints and associated distances, Write in any frequencies or IDs for route navigation, GS (first or second line only): copy from preflight log, In flight you will be filling in the other boxes as the flight progresses, Weight and balance as calculated normally, Fill out any weather information or notes you may have, Fill out the flight plan for flight service, All information is from the front of the navigation log, Filed before flight with the FSS so they can keep a track of you. Navigation Charts - CFI Notebook Pilots are required to use SBAS to fly to the LPV or LP minima. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Advisory Circular (91-92) Pilot's Guide to a Preflight Briefing. Pilots transitioning to VOR navigation in response to GPS anomalies should refer to the Chart Supplement U.S. to identify airports with available conventional approaches associated with the VOR Minimum Operational Network (MON) program. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. CFI Notebook: "Higher" Education While there is a high expectation of knowledge among pilots, none can do so without periodically referencing old topics. This is known as turn anticipation, Fly-over waypoints are used when the aircraft must fly over the point prior to starting a turn, A leg type describes the desired path proceeding, following, or between waypoints on an RNAV procedure, Leg types are identified by a two-letter code that describes the path (e.g., heading, course, track, etc.) Multiply 0.1 by 60 (minutes in an hour) and you'll get 6, for 6 minutes to travel that distance at that ground speed. Typically, an aircraft eligible for A-RNP will also be eligible for operations comprising: RNP APCH, RNP/RNAV 1, RNP/RNAV 2, RNP 4, and RNP/RNAV 10. Loss of Communications. Pilots should avoid premature manual deletion of waypoints from their active "legs" page to allow for rejoining procedures, RAIM Prediction: If TSO-C129 equipment is used to solely satisfy the RNAV and RNP requirement, GPS RAIM availability must be confirmed for the intended route of flight (route and time). Scalability and RF turn capabilities is mandatory in RNP AR DP eligibility. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. Digital-VC DVDs are updated every 28 days and are available by subscription only, For the latest information regarding publication availability visit the, Area Planning - Special Use Airspace - Planning Charts, Caribbean and South America - Low Altitude, Caribbean and South America - High Altitude, Europe, North Africa, and Middle East - Low Altitude, Europe, North Africa, and Middle East - High Altitude, VFR Arrival/Departure Routes - Europe and Korea, Aeronautical Chart Updating Manual (CHUM), Global Navigation and Planning Charts (GNC), Jet Navigation Charts (JNC) and Universal Jet Navigation Charts (JNU), Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation (PUB249). This is limited only to systems that allow along-track waypoint construction, Pilots of FMS-equipped aircraft, who are assigned an RNAV DP or STAR procedure and subsequently receive a change of runway, transition or procedure, must verify that the appropriate changes are loaded and available for navigation, For RNAV 1 DPs and STARs, pilots must use a CDI, flight director and/or autopilot, in lateral navigation mode. If an alternate is required, the alternate airport must have an instrument approach while meeting certain criteria: 800' ceiling, 2 miles visibility, if non-precision approach, 600' ceiling, 2 miles visibility, if precision approach, If no approach exists for the alternate runway, descent from cruising altitude must be possible under Visual Flight Rules, Note that minimums published for approaches may differ, Navigation can be accomplished in several ways, Two examples include pilotage and dead reckoning which, although different, are not mutually exclusive, Dead recokoning is navigation by planning, When track = course you are flying exactly where you intend, Various tools are necessary to complete a flight plan, Generally the most direct route is preferred but several considerations may require some deviation, Checkpoints allow you to follow the progress of your flight against your planning calculations, Landmarks can be checkpoints but may also inform a pilot where they are in relation to checkpoints. Use the capabilities of your avionics suite to verify the appropriate waypoint and track data after loading the procedure from your database, Lateral Accuracy values are applicable to a selected airspace, route, or procedure, The lateral accuracy value is a value typically expressed as a distance in nautical miles from the intended centerline of a procedure, route, or path, RNP applications also account for potential errors at some multiple of lateral accuracy value (for example, twice the RNP lateral accuracy values), In the U.S., RNP APCH procedures are titled RNAV (GPS) and offer several lines of minima to accommodate varying levels of aircraft equipage: either lateral navigation (LNAV), LNAV/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV), Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV), and Localizer Performance (LP). Other methods providing an equivalent level of performance may also be acceptable, For procedures or routes requiring the use of GPS, if the navigation system does not automatically alert the flight crew of a loss of GPS, the operator must develop procedures to verify correct GPS operation, RNAV terminal procedures (DP and STAR) may be amended by ATC issuing radar vectors and/or clearances direct to a waypoint. This notebook compiles the black and white text of manuals, regulations, and guides, adding the context . IFR En-Route Charts - CFI Notebook The database is updated every 28 days. With this comes the need to keep things organized to reduce Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and confusion in flight. Continue searching. For example, RNP 1 is different from RNAV 1, and an RNP 1 eligibility does NOT mean automatic RNP 2 or RNAV 1 eligibility. Transmission and utility lines often span approaches to runways, natural flyways, such as lakes, rivers, gorges, and canyons, and cross other landmarks pilots frequently follow, such as highway, railroad tracks, etc. Although the appropriate response will vary with the situation, in general pilots should: Use the last reliable navigation information as the basis for initial headings, and climb above terrain, Change to another source of navigation, if available (i.e., VOR, DME radar vectors), Pilots should promptly notify ATC if they experience GPS anomalies. As a safeguard, the FAA requires that aircraft navigation databases hold only those procedures that the aircraft maintains eligibility for. RF turn capability is optional in RNP APCH eligibility. Routine checks of position against VOR or DME information, for example, could help detect a compromised GPS signal. XC Planning Checklist (Jeppeson GFM) Pilotage Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints. Task B. The data is available by subscription only and is distributed on CD-ROM or by ftp download arrivals, and GPS/RNAV instrument approach, These digital VFR charts are geo-referenced images of FAA Sectional Aeronautical, TAC, and Helicopter Route charts. Still looking for something? Because of the many uses of GPS in aviation (e.g., navigation, ADS-B, terrain awareness/warning systems), operators of aircraft using GPS need to be aware of these vulnerabilities, and be able to recognize and adjust to degraded signals. The separate Equipment Requirements box will list ground-based equipment and/or airport specific requirements. A variety of digital tools can help you in your flight planning, some of which include: There are many official sources from which to gather information pertinent to preflight planning, Note that though not required, it is recommended a call be placed to Flight Service prior to flight, You may wish to consider fuel prices, services available, landing fees, and hours of operation when planning for suitable diverts, Although these factors may run through your mind in an ad-hoc divert, that is a divert due to an unforeseen circumstance, then remember an airfield where a safe landing can be performed outweighs conveniences, Preflight planning feel monotonous when flying in the same region, weather conditions, and for the same purpose, In those situations, ask yourself, what is different today, to really drill down on what it is you need to pay attentiont o. Certified Flight Instructor Notebook Night Operations - CFI Notebook Designated to expedite clearance delivery and to facilitate transition between takeoff and en route operations, Furnishes pilots departure routing clearance information in graphic and textual form, Designated to expedite ATC arrival procedures and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach operations, They depict pre-planned IFR ATC arrival procedures in graphic and textual form, Each STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and may serve either a single airport or more than one airport in a given geographical area, Full page airport diagrams are designed to assist in the movement of ground traffic at locations with complex runway/taxiway configurations and provided information for updating geodetic position navigational systems aboard aircraft, Airport diagrams are available for free download at the AeroNav website, Contains all terminal flight procedures for civil and military aviation in Alaska, Included are IAP charts, DP charts, STAR charts, airport diagrams, radar minimums, and supplementary support data such as IFR alternate minimums, take-off minimums, rate of descent tables, rate of climb tables and inoperative components tables, Revised every 56 days with provisions for a Terminal Change Notice, as required, Designated for preflight and en route flight planning for IFR/VFR flights, Depiction includes low altitude airways and mileage, NAVAIDs, airports, special use airspace, cities, time zones, major drainage, and directory of airports with their airspace classification, and a mileage table showing great circle distances between major airports, Revised annually, and is available either folded or unfolded for wall mounting, A VFR planning chart on the reverse side of the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands VFR Terminal Area Chart, Includes mileage between airports of entry, a selection of special use airspace and a directory of airports with their available services, This chart is designed for VFR preflight planning and chart selection, It includes aeronautical and topographic information of the state of Alaska, The aeronautical information includes public and military airports; radio aids to navigation; and Class B, Class C, TRSA and special-use airspace, The topographic information includes city tint, populated places, principal roads, and shaded relief, The one sided chart is 58.5 x 40.75 inches and is designed for wall mounting. ), You need not pass directly over a positive landmark for it to be useful to you, Be cautious of man-made landmarks as they may have changed, moved, or no longer exist, Water features are depicted using two tones of blue, and are considered either "Open Water" or "Inland Water", "Open Water," a lighter blue tone, shows the shoreline limitations of all coastal water features at the average (mean) high water levels for oceans and seas, Light blue also represents the connecting waters like bays, gulfs, sounds, fjords, and large estuaries, Exceptionally large lakes like the Great Lakes, Great Salt Lake, and Lake Okeechobee, etc., are considered Open Water features, The Open Water tone extends inland as far as necessary to adjoin the darker blue "Inland Water" tones, All other bodies of water are marked as "Inland Water" in the darker blue tone, Can be positively identified but not specifically plotted because they extend for some distance, Features such as roads, railroads, coastlines, power lines and rivers may make good timing checkpoints if they are perpendicular to the course line and have other specific environmental particulars that identify your position, Rivers and power lines must be easy to find, either isolated or large so they are unmistakable with confirming landmarks so they can be confirmed, Railroads and major highways are almost always depicted on aeronautical charts, Features that a pilot suspects he can correlate with the chart, but they may not be fully reliable, Landmarks such as oil wells, and windmills may be repetitious.