The inuence of these factors has been analyzed in detail by psycholinguists (Semino and Culpeper 2002; Enkvist 1985). The evidence often used to prove the validity of graphology include its similarity to forensic handwriting analysis. Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. graphological features in stylistics - Rejuran Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. This is why the present study specifically addresses how the author communicates meaning through the device of graphology. Stylistic analysis at the graphological level is concerned with the visual devices such as indentation, capitalization, texts layout (lineation), italicization, punctuation, spelling, graphological features in a text has some semantic and stylistic implications. Person deixis: These are used to point things and Like literary criticism, stylistics is interested in the message of the work, and how effectively it is delivered. advertisement, examining graphological, lexical, syntactic, grammatical and semantic style markers. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. The stylistic analysis of Robert Brownings poem Patriot into Traitor is done by using graphological, phonological, with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. I think that referring to octaves and sextets , graphological deviation should be written using inverted commas. Prosodic features of stress, length of In other words, it synergizes or sits athwart the boundary between linguistics and literature; ensuring their interdependence. There are three levels of analysis that will be briefly discussed which are graphological level, lexical level, and phonological level. of Department of English, University of Uyo, Ekemini Essien of Federal University of Science and Technology, Akure and Dan, Abasiono Godwin of Department of English, University of Ibadan; relatives: Mfiokma Nelson, Uncle Flow, Ukpeme John et alia and my students on whose shoulders I stood while the research lasted. The Costume Institute describes the spring 2023 exhibition as an exploration of "the work of Karl Lagerfeld. ); adverbs as modifiers, determinants and so on will be investigated. This level is concerned with how sound devices function in achieving stylistic significance in texts. Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushies writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. The concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis is particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. FJH; 2.3.1 Mukrovskys Theory of Foregrounding Graphology is the study of handwriting as a means of analyzing character. ), paragraphing, spacing, foregrounding of structures and so on. Graphology is a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity, an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. Accordingly, Levenston (1992) criticizes the lack of critical approaches to the study of graphology and proposes four major schemes within the graphic representation of language. intonation, the foot which carries the Alabi made examples of lower case letters, bold print, CAPITALIZATION, italics, underlining as cases of foregrounding. KEYWORDS: Stylistics, Deviations, Graphological, Morphological, Syntactically, Grammatically. Levenstons (1992) proposal on the study of graphological elements. Temporal deixis: They point to time. Stylistics analysis of the poem leisure In this chapter we will offer the stylistics analysis of a poem Leisure by William Henry Davies. This study however, postulates the following as pedagogical implications: 2.3.1 Lexical Repetition. The complex developments within literary criticism over the last 20 years have affected the interplay between literature, language and language education in the language classroom. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. Phonological and Graphological level - SlideShare These are regular features of his poem. However, such a deliberate use of sounds will also have meaning since one does not use language in a vacuum. organized in units (tone (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. It only takes a minute to sign up. For instance, a word may be meaningful to some culture while it may not to another. According to (Eva, 2015:2), this confusion is occasioned by two factors: the non-linguistic meanings attached to this concept and the varied treatment the word has received from dictionaries, manuals and works of reference in general. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. (Wikipedia), is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. speech, clauses and phrases used in writing. A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. All intellectual property rights, including copyright in this publication, except for those attributed to named sources, are owned by the author(s) of . The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. 2.1.6.1 Lexical Level Mobile: +65 8908 9326 Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. (1964) were crucial for the expansion of the concept in linguistics and stylistics, they still failed to clarify the elements to be analyzed within this category. Graphology is viewed as a linguistic level of analysis that concerns with the study of graphic aspects language. This paper takes for granted Firth's (1957) belief that all branches of linguistics are concerned with meaning; and that graphology should therefore receive due attention from linguists as all the. Requirements before stylistics analysis. text. Hence stylistics comes to create a mutual relationship between language and literature so as to be competent in both of them. language in order to know about the We are responding. In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. intended meanings and foreshadowing The pedagogical aim of stylistics in teaching (literary) language and how this language functions is based on how we as readers native and non-native come from the word on the page to its meanings, Bex (1999). However, this research focuses on written forms. In other words, it is the scientific study of style. level, syntactic level, graphological level and semantic level. phonological devices are alliteration, (Individuality), Does it tell you about where the person is from? 5. All Rights Reserved. 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level According to The features are usually restricted to certain kinds of social context so as to explain why certain features are used as opposed to other alternatives (Crystal and Davy 1985). This dissertation is an investigation into the poetry of Joe Ushie from the perspective of linguistics. Stylistics is the study of style. Stress, intonation, contractors and Stylistics in this research aims to show the language features used in the poem Mending Wall and find out how those features used to reveal the The primary focus here is foregrounding. The origin of style is traceable to the Latin word stilus, meaning a pointed instrument used for writing. Whereas linguistic stylistics begins and concludes its analysis and synthesis from the literary text itself, rigorously examining how a special configuration of language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter, quantifying all the linguistic means (including imagery) that coalesced to achieve a special aesthetic purpose; literary criticism does not suffer that restriction to the work of art under analysis. The ultimate aim of carrying out a research is to develop knowledge. 1. The study adopted foregrounding as a. Van Peer (1993), for instance, considered typographic foregrounding and its evolution as a The graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. (Wales 2001: 182-183). accurate representation of form and According to (Eva, 2015), the scale is organized from the more rudimentary elements the letterforms that punctuate the blank space in a page to the more complex ones the creation of a book as a complete unit of punctuation. Deviation, used in functional and condensed way, enhances and supports the possible meaning of the text, in other words, providing the readers with the possibility of aesthetic knowledge and the authors defined style of writing. The result is that, whereas linguistic stylistics comes up with a somewhat objective evaluation, based on realistic criteria; literary criticism comes up with that which is generally imaginative, speculative, subjective, and impressionistic (Isidore, 2010:30). This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. Despite all these studies, literature in this field is yet to outline or categorize a standard parameter for graphological analysis, which is one of the major concerns of the present study. Stylistics meets Cognitive Science: Studying Style in Fiction and In stylistics, deviation is a style. 1.Morphological level 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) In summary, both literary and linguistic stylistics should be considered for the process of stylistic analysis to come to a stylistically appropriate interpretation. Grammatical level includes grammar, parts of 1. 6.1 Scope and Limitation of the Study Email: special offers and other discount information. Sutardji's 'Tragedi Winka dan Sihka' and J.E. Subsequently, the development of stylistics as an independent field of linguistics, paved way for new theories, principles, concepts and models to aid the perspectives through which meanings and aesthetics are perceived in texts. I am not ungrateful to them, for making the knowledge readily available and at my disposal. The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. Degree in English. 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) The inseparable nature of language and literature makes it is impossible for one to specialize in literature without being competent in the language in which the literature is written. Therefore, we have basically , two types of stylistics: literary and linguistic stylistics. writer's style, for example capitalization, It is the realization that context is necessary in the exploration of the pragmatic meaning that guides a language user or text producer into employing appropriate linguistic resources in the text in order to achieve the stylistic meaning. Frequent use of a particular 2.3.3 Phonological Features. The researcher posits that Achebe uses italics for emphasis, to reflect foreign concepts or cultural beliefs as well as to create humour. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. This traditional understanding of style has other weaknesses of being prescriptive and not descriptive in its nature and scope. It is as new as stylistics itself. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. In its own analysis, it intermittently works on the text, but occasionally wanders off and brings in extra-linguistic, extra-textual material (may be from philosophy, psychology, biography, social history, etc.) However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. ,l5#7:l5k>e; context, thematic context, pre-existing (3) Graphology: Graphology is a linguistic level of text analysis that focuses on language in print. Meanings are judged through As long as there is a blue sky above me; as long as there is life in my hands, my loyalty to Gods reign is steadfast and total. ResearchGate Spelling, lexical features Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. rev2023.5.1.43405. PDF AN INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHOLOGY: DEFINITION, THEORETICAL - Dialnet So, quantitative stylistics on the one hand may provide confirmation for the hunches or insights we have about style. Style also varies from one period to another. 2.1.8 Levels of analysis within the Graphological Framework: Enquiries into previous Categorization But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts. Linguistic stylistics does not deny the fact that intuition plays a major role in textual interpretation; neither does it prevent an analyst from expressing his intuition in the analysis. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. Hence, a socio-stylistic study of Gabriel Bamgbose's Something Happened After the Rain is . Latest Campus Updates, Education News in Kenya, Last updated on: June 18, 2020 by Elvis Nyakangi 1 Comment, Theoretical Background of language: English stylistics. E.g. Stylistics is regarded as a field of Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. However, this shift in focus gave rise to stylistics being a linguistic field of its own away from the former literary criticism. of pronunciation. Various scholars such as Levenston (1992) and Lennard (2005) have attempted series of proposals for a standard pattern of categorization of the elements within the graphological framework of linguistic stylistic analysis. figure 1.2, or table 1.1 . In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. It will follow these steps: firstly, students will acquire the knowledge that leads them to comprehend the basic grammatical and rhetoric concepts. 4.3.3 Popular Stand and Other Poems (1992) He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on. 4.1 Graphological level This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Reportage . Other graphological features include: the unusual but symbolic spacing, the italicizing of certain words and passages to denote a different context, the frequency of some punctuation marks and their prosodic and semiotic effects are the other possible graphological features of poetry. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. language, it studies the sound system. 2.4.1 Graphological Deviation Graphological deviation is placed in the bottom strata on the levels of stylistics nowadays. Abdulwahab (2004) opines that it is expected of every research project to have something new to contribute to knowledge in that subject area, however small as this represents the hallmark of all research endeavours. A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. Behbood (2015) emphasizes that pedagogical stylistics examines the language of literature in both sentence level and the whole texts to encourage students develop their awareness of the connection between language and literature. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. of words and language. Stylistics -- Levels of Analysis -- Graphological - YouTube Unity and Diversity in Language Structure, Department of Linguistics,Bharathiar University, Phonetics & phonology, INTRODUCTION, Dr, Salama Embarak, PHONOLOGY (Grammatical Aspects of Language), criticalreadingasreasoning-170802010220.pdf, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS_015624.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, ISDM - Post Graduate Program in Development Management- Academic Structure, It is concerned with the phonetic It can refer to the study of proper use of words or language in proper places. Singapore 369977. Albeit literary stylistics occasionally may involve the rudimentary analysis of the structure and form of a literary text, it however readily employs the use of literary categories in the analysis of the text. 1.1 Background to the Study This paper is an attempt to shed light on linguistic deviation in literary style. 2.1.12 Typography (structure and arrangement) analyses: graphological, lexical and syntactic with the semantic implication of each level highlighted. This is because they could be conditioned by diverse factors like heredity, training and even experience. A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. 7. The linguistic levels of analysis have often been the hallmark of any stylistic analysis of a text. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? It is done on the purpose of commenting on the quality of a text. What are graphological features? In order to understand what practical English stylistics is, study a text and ask yourself questions like why particular features of language have been used and not others. 5.1 Research Questions All these definitions or descriptions reflect an artificial and ornamental view of style. 6. Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is written. linguistic description we focus on figure 1.2, or table 1.1 - It also uses chemical symbols, formulae, like H 2 O, H 2 SO 4, A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES AND COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE COLUMNISTS USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS ABSTRACT The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. the words that are repeated more than one Your email address will not be published. This research employed stylistics as the tool to analyze the poems. 3.4 Research Instrument For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. The concept of style as deviation is informed by the notion that certain rules and conventions exist in the study of language and a conscious departure from these common practices for the purpose of aesthetics and meaning delivery constitutes the background for the understanding of the term: deviation. In poetry, metre (meter in American spelling) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. 3.2 Population of the Study In the later years, Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens (1964:50) expanded the concept of graphology to include spellings, punctuations, capitalizations, italicizations and many other graphic resources related matters in language. This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. However, the ultimate notion of morphology is the transposition of words. Syntactic level Their proposals imply a great step forward in linguistics and stylistics studies because they organize graphological features in a systematic and structured way. Sutardjis Tragedi Winka dan Sihka and J.E. This means that stylistics is a tool that can used to determine the selection of language by speakers or writers from their linguistic repertoire to create effect/achieve particular purpose.