I loved my job, Antonagis says, and takes a breath and continues, but I loved my wife more.. While in Famagusta, Styllou survived by working as a fruit picker and by cleaning houses.2 It was also widely believed by fellow villagers from Rizokarpaso that Styllou was responsible for a second murder during the Second World War in Varosha. As I leave he reminds me one last time of his adoration for his wife and children, he whispers: I fell in love, and that was that.. This received support from the London-based Cypriot newspaper To B, which carried a regular feature entitled Mother and child.140, Styllou Christofi may have felt that her daughter-in-law failed to live up to the expectations of a Cypriot wife and mother. During the last year, the Greek population in London increased significantly, amounting to 180,000, 85% of which are Greek-Cypriots. [12] These organizations have secretly operated for decades, and are notoriously powerful. This has a resulted in a growing first generation community, mainly located in East London. The 10 Best Places to Eat in Palmers Green The incident took place following several diplomatic faux pas abroad that irked Nicosia, as Greek Cypriots have been calling out breaches of protocol in favor of the northern part of Cyprus that is not recognized by any country in the world except Turkey. 30131; K. Robins and A. Aksoy, From spaces of identity to mental spaces: lessons from Turkish-Cypriot cultural experience in Britain, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, xxvii (2001), 685711; H. Abdullah and M. Sinker, Departures and Arrivals: Turkish Cypriots Who Came to England Between 1934 and 1963 (London, 2006); and P. Panayi, Migrant City: a New History of London (London, 2020), pp. Its a world away from his life in the London where an unfortunate fall into crime led Antonagis to running in the same circles as the notorious Kray twinsin Londons West End gang scene. Most commissioners were from the Cyprus civil list, but the one constant was Sotiris Terezopoulos, a Greek who obtained British Cypriot nationality while in Cyprus and emigrated to the U.K. in the 1920s, becoming commissioner in the mid 1940s. It was founded shortly after the illegal Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 to coordinate and represent the UK Cypriot diaspora, which now consists of 300,000 people. That said, hardly anyone is even vaguely likable here, which neednt necessarily have been a drawback, but they should at least be in some way interesting. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Greece has long stood as an impressive meeting point between Europe and the middle east, and that is reflected in Ripe Figs. 115. 701. Kidnapping and weapon trafficking are activities of choice as well, often collaborating with the Albanian mafia. The 62-year-old Turkish Cypriot is part of a London-based crime mob who have been involved in armed robbery, contract killing, and drug trafficking since the late 1960s. Smith and Varnava, Creating a suspect community. The dawn appeared, but not fresh and rosy-fingered. The invisibility of the Cypriots needs consideration first, as this group has received little attention from historians. List of UK's 'most wanted' criminals in Cyprus revealed The recent volume by Clair Wills, which aims to reconstruct the lives of first-generation migrants in Britain from the end of the 1940s to the late 1960s, devotes just four lines of its 442 pages to Greek Cypriots.129 Sociologists, especially those of Cypriot origin, have given more attention towards their countrymen, beginning with Vic George, the only scholar to seriously study the 1950s, followed by Sasha Josephides and Floya Anthias, as well as Robin Oakley.130 Turkish Cypriots, perhaps the most ignored and under-researched migrant group in post-war London, have received even less attention than Greek Cypriots,131 although some community-type studies of both groups have emerged.132, Various reasons suggest themselves for the absence of the Cypriots from the memory of multicultural Britain. Christie believed that Christofi was suffering from a brain disease, which prevented her from knowing that what she had done was wrong, and perhaps, had the jury known about this, they might have found Christofi guilty by reason of insanity and therefore not sentenced to death. It appears that the reason for this separation was that Styllou, together with two other women, had murdered Styllous mother-in-law in 1925 by forcing a piece of burning wood into her mouth, for which she received a sentence of five years for manslaughter. Files reveal brutal treatment meted out by British forces in 1950s F. Anthias, Ethnicity, Class, Gender and Migration: Greek Cypriots in Britain (Aldershot, 1992), p. 53. T.N.A., PCOM 9/1721; J. Christou, Middle aged, unattractive and foreign: the Cypriot murderess, Cyprus Mail, 31 Oct. 2016; and P. Jones, Quickly to Her Fate (Barton on Sea, 2010). Tuesday - Saturday: 5pm - 11pm. By 1972 the London Borough of Haringey had the highest concentration of Cypriots in the UK - approximately 40,000 out of 200,000 residents. Most of the Greek residents of the British capital live at Palmers Green in Northern London, between the . However, this community was also racialized and stereotyped (as were white colonial others), due to various factors including destitution (particularly in the early 1930s), deviant local and anti-colonial politics (especially trade unionism and communism), and criminality, as well as the reporting of the trial of Styllou Christofi.8. The Greek mafia (Greek: Ellinik mafa) is the colloquial term used to refer to various organized crime elements originating from Greece. E. Said, Orientalism (1978, repr. She admitted that she had left her sons house two times in the last eight months, but stated that this had not been because she had quarrelled with her daughter-in-law. For Terezopouloss nationality, see T.N.A., HO 144/8489; HO 334/250/613; CO 876/165, Terezopoulos to J. E. Thomas, Students Department, C.O., 7 Sept. 1951, enclosing: (1) confidential Terezopoulos Report for 1950, 28 Feb. 1951; and (2) article Cypriots in Britain, Cyprus Review, July 1951, pp. The police were in possession of the house. 4) Ripe Figs: Recipes and Stories from the Eastern Mediterranean by Yasmin Khan. A. Varnava, Serving the Empire in the Great War: the Cypriot Mule Corps, Imperial Identity and Silenced Memory (Manchester, 2017), pp. Look out for your first newsletter in your inbox soon! The Cypriot community began to began settling into Green Lanes (N4) and Seven Sisters and over the 60s and 70s covered a wide range professions. Both in the homeland and in the diaspora, the British recognized the importance of the family unit. George and Millerson, Cypriot Community, pp. Smith and Varnava, Creating a suspect community; and E. Papaioannou, (Nicosia, 1988). T.N.A., FCO 141/3348B, Cyprus: reports on the Cypriot community in London, 19549; FCO 141/4198, Cyprus: Government of Cyprus London Office; activities of Greek Cypriots in London; and S. Jospehides, Associations amongst the Greek Cypriot population in Britain, in Immigrant Associations in Europe, ed. Weitzman asked her if she had killed Hella, if she had strangled or burnt her, and to each of these she replied, Never. The Federation united an already close community and this strengthened the efforts of Cypriots in the UK significantly. These stereotypes directed against Cypriots in interwar London revolved around perceived criminality and sexual promiscuity (sometimes both simultaneously), both of which were seen as targeting the white British population. But anew breed of restaurants doing modern Greek small plates also abound,includingMarylebone's. ), and at the end the chef/owner will bring you some homemade yoghurt and honey. Stavros confirmed that his mother had refused to plead insanity, believing that I am a poor woman of no education, but I am not a mad woman, never, never, never.115 The home secretary had also received pleas for clemency from priests and other villagers from Rizokarpaso (thirty-seven people in all).116, On 20 December Lloyd George announced that he had received advice from three distinguished doctors that Styllou was not insane or suffering from any minor mental abnormality to justify their recommending a reprieve. Sandbach stated that this looks like white slavery and that it was the worst case I have ever had to deal with, with his only regret being that Michaelides was a British subject and could therefore not be deported.78 For Sandbach, the outrage was not merely the fact that Michaelides had broken the law but that he was prostituting white women. Stavros Pepes remembered that he had faced racist remarks. No harm was reported but Turkish media said Tatar later suggested to an audience that protesters would have attacked him had there been no police presence at the university's entrance. [11] They were influential as members of the Communist Party of Great Britain from the 1930s onwards, boasting the only consistent ethnic branches in the party until they were merged in 1966. A world away from your standard image of a rough-hewn whitewashed Greek taverna (with rustic knick-knacks and plate-smashing included), this long-serving Hampstead restaurant looks a cut above the rest with its elegant, light and airy interior, creamy walls, heavily clothed tables and smartly dressed clientele. 3257. One gentleman did not like it and he started to swear and be aggressive towards me, luckily we managed to get away without any problem.85. In 1952 the restaurant trade still accounted for 49 per cent of Cypriot male employment in London, although this figure had decreased to 30.5 per cent by 1958. With no photographs of the wedding, Antonagis only has the images in his mind to remind him of the day he married the love of his life. The menu offers a whistle-stop tour of the Aegean at wallet-friendly prices, with a whole heap of mezdes preceding meaty stalwarts, ranging from pork afelia and sheftalia to grills, kebabs and steaks. He described Cyprus as an oriental country.19 The account of the barrister and Indian civil servant Fred Fisher also used condescending orientalism, although Fisher employed slightly less overtly racist language and made a clear distinction between Greeks and Turks. Let'scelebrate Londons best-loved Hellenic evergreens too;Andys Taverna(a Camden fixture for more than 50 years),Aphrodite Taverna,Retsinain Belsize Park and theSappho Meze Bar a dinky favourite in Clapham. There are also some great-value weekday lunch specials, plus a terrific selection of Greek-Cypriot wines. In 1908 Basil Stewart published a travelogue on Cyprus, which included the chapter On the natives and some of their customs. One of the best accounts of German Jews in post-war London is M. Berghahn, Continental Britons: German-Jewish Refugees From Nazi Germany (Oxford, 1988). A total of thirty-two Orthodox Churches existed in London by the early 1990s, for which see P. Panayi, An Immigration History of Britain: Multicultural Racism Since 1800 (London, 2010), p. 156. The title refers to a private club of the same name, run by one Plato Andinos (Andreas Karras), a small-time big shot who likes to throw parties with strippers for his mates, and preaches homophobia and sexism at home to his kids. D. Cannadine, Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire (London, 2001). campaign, with many opposing the adoption of violence to bring about enosis, while others lent their moral support to the campaign. L. Wells, T. Stylianou-Lambert and N. Philippou (London, 2014); and Rousseau-Sinclair, Victorian Travellers in Cyprus. For, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Pathfinder.gr - ", https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Nats_Hospitable.pdf, " ! 3149. The smoky aromas of the chargrill bring an instant feel-good holiday vibe to tables on the summertime terrace, as do the quirky but rewarding Greek wines. In this respect, she resembles Asian parents who carried out so called honour killings in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Britain.150 Violence in the Cypriot family in London was not confined to the multi-ethnic GermanGreek Cypriot Bleicher-Christofi family. BBC - Voices - Multilingual Nation Ep 8 features Greek/Cypriot, Londoner Marina who's rise from youth worker to joint venturing, entrepreneur is astounding. Much of this research has tended to focus on arrivals from the West Indies. violence targeting British people (after April 1955) resulted in the branding and stereotyping of many Cypriots, especially Archbishop Makarios, as religious zealots.72 But earlier labels had developed during the course of the 1930s, when the Soho community had become associated with political subversion and vice, while the trope of the peasant developed in the imperial imagination had also survived. Monochords is a suite of 336 linocuts by London-based Italian filmmaker and visual artist Chiara Ambrosio, produced daily in the space of one year in response to Yannis Ritsos ' collection of one-line poems by the same title. As his eyes glittered with the memories of the past, I cried and wanted to go home, he said and maybe that would have been for the best. In contrast to the Sicilian mafia or the Albanian mafia, Greek criminal groups follow the same structure[clarification needed] organized gangs have within the French Milieu or the Penose in the Netherlands. We were called the bubble and squeak Greeks, he remembers. The provision of a dowry played some role in the marriage agreement, at least in Cyprus. M. Pourgouris, The Cyprus Frenzy of 1878 and the British Press (Lanham, Md., 2019); A. Varnava, British Imperialism in Cyprus, 18781915: the Inconsequential Possession (Manchester, 2009), pp. It suggested that the improvement of irrigation had reduced conflicts on the land, as the storyline focused on the competition for resources between a farmer, Nikos, growing his own crops and tending his own trees with the help of his wife and children, and a goatherd, Vassos, whose animals stripped bare the trees of the cultivator.32, The British stereotypes of the Cypriots contained clear orientalist elements, if we follow Edward Saids assertion that oriental refers to the belief that certain traits characterize the peoples of the East.33 This was the case especially when those stereotypes concentrated upon the Ottoman aspects of the people and island although Nicos Phillipou has written about half oriental Cyprus.34 The concern of those who observed Cyprus therefore stemmed partly from orientalism, racism and a paternalistic desire to improve the position of the local inhabitants, as indicated by the wish to introduce irrigation. E. Smith and A. Varnava, Creating a suspect community: monitoring and controlling the Cypriot community in inter-war London, English Historical Review, cxxxii (2017), 114981; and A. Varnava and E. Smith, Destitute Cypriots abroad, 19141931, in Australia, Migration and Empire: Immigrants in a Globalised World, ed. This article has inevitably focused on Styllou Christofi, rather than the family that she ruined, because the available material draws us towards her. For a community in which religion remained a key marker of identity, the church acted as the centre of the main rituals of life, including baptism, which all Orthodox children born in London during the 1950s and 1960s would have undergone, while attendance at Sunday services in these decades remained significant. The couple had four children, numerous grandchildren, and even have great-grandchildren. The Cypriots in London, Manchester Guardian, 14 Aug. 1954; and George and Millerson, Cypriot Community, pp. The details of her final hours can be found in London Metropolitan Archives (hereafter L.M.A. 152201; and A. Varnava, British Cyprus and the Long Great War, 19141925: Empire, Loyalties and Democratic Deficit (London, 2020), pp. The first wave of Cypriot migration to the UK occurred in the 1920s and 1930s but this was small compared to the numbers that arrived in the UK after the Second World War in the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s. During the 1950s a type of high street developed there for Greek Cypriots, with shops that provided commodities from the homeland and a Cypriot church, All Saints, which was consecrated in Pratt Street on 25 April 1948. The film carried an underlying narrative that pointed to the benefits of British rule. Domestically, they are largely smaller organized crime cells, usually family-based, who collaborate but from time to time also feud with one another. The Daily Mirror reported on the first days proceedings. J. L. Watson (Oxford, 1977), pp. Dont let the references to the Iliad fool you this small-time gangster story is irritating, self-indulgent and stupid. M. Phillips and T. Phillips, Windrush: the Irresistible Rise of Multi-racial Britain (London, 1998). According to the UNHCR, todays world has 68.5 million displaced people, 25.4 million of whom are refugees, but with images of north African refugees dominating TV screens and the papers front pages, its easy to forgot about the lives of one-time refugeeswho settled in England many years ago. 5: Greeks INTRODUCTION. Panikos Panayi, Andrekos Varnava, The bewildered peasant: family, migration and murder in the Greek Cypriot community in London, Historical Research, Volume 95, Issue 267, February 2022, Pages 82103, https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htab032. T.N.A., FCO 141/3348B, Cyprus: reports on the Cypriot community in London, 19549. Greek - Cypriot Society London. Fyvel partly explained this behaviour by citing racial prejudice but also mentions resentment that Cypriots had progressed up the social ladder.82 Those on the receiving end of such behaviour included Loizos Loizou, who, while he dismissed the Teddy boys as a passing phase, remembered that he and other Cypriots who had lived in Kings Cross had had to arm themselves with pieces of wood and knives just to be able to make it out of the estate where they were living.83 Worse still, on the day of the acquittal of the EOKA gunman Nikos Samson for the murder of Sergeant Carter and Sergeant Thorogood, two police officers stationed in Cyprus, Loizos arrived home late after work. European cities are deeply affected by Greek organized crime in the form of narcotics smuggling. We were so poor we were restricted on how much toilet paper we could use! he says. Stavros decided to send his wife and children on holiday to stay with her relatives in Germany, during which time he persuaded his mother to return to Cyprus.3, Unfortunately, Styllou brutally took matters into her own hands on the night of 28 July 1954. As numerous historians have shown, colonial subjects had a great deal of empire identification, and migrating to the imperial metropole or enlisting in the two world wars was often propelled by a desire to take advantage of that connection. M. Mac an Ghaill, The Irish in Britain: the invisibility of ethnicity and anti-Irish racism, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, xxvi (2000), 13747; J. Corbally, The jarring Irish: postwar immigration to the heart of empire, Radical History Review, civ (2009) 10325; and G. Schaffer and S. Nasar, The white essential subject: race, ethnicity, and the Irish in post-war Britain, Contemporary British History, xxxii (2018), 20930. The British had sponsored and tried to control the conservative Cypriot Brotherhood of St. Barnabas, which had emerged in the early 1930s and operated into the 1950s, but dropped its support after the Brotherhood endorsed enosis under the influence of the Cypriot Orthodox Church under Makarios III in 1955.66 The Brotherhood splintered with the onset of the E.O.K.A. But, as many historians have also shown, these people were subjected to racism as others, with their British status often ignored. 020 7229 4827 Andreas Louca, a 17-year-old Greek Cypriot, was fatally wounded when a soldier fractured his skull in clashes following the death of the wife of a British sergeant. The interior is nothing to write home about, but youre here for the great-value food and the personal vibe. John Davis (Containing racism? Gus Alex was the highest ranking non-Italian wiseguy, as he reportedly formed a three-man ruling panel in the late sixties and early seventies. The Times, 14 Dec. 1954; Manchester Guardian, 14 Dec. 1954; Daily Express, 14 Dec. 1954; and Daily Mirror, 14 Dec. 1954. S. Cooper, B.B.C., U.K., 26 March 2019, BBC One, 44 mins. LCC London on Instagram: "'Son of Michael' is a photo series by BA The dark, cold, frosty November morning was a far cry from the golden sands and topaz seas of his homeland. T.N.A., CO 67/303/6, Employment of Cypriots in London as waiters, 1939. The Netherlands in particular, with its lenient view of cannabis use, has many dealings with international (and often untraceable) smuggling rings. Santorini Restaurant | Mediterranean Restaurant | Greek Restaurant Soon after Papaioannou returned to Cyprus in 1945, he took control of A.K.E.L. After leaving prison, Antonagis fell into gang life in Londons West End. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Institute of Historical Research. The Tottenham Boys and Hackney Turks are mainly ethnic Kurdish gangs, but they also have some Turkish members. Londoners may find amusement in trying to guess where the exteriors were shot. 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This argument is put forward especially in Pilkington, Beyond the Mother Country. Constantinides, Greek Cypriots, pp. For Antonagis, it seemed his life took a turn on to the right side of the tracks when he met his wife. The problem for the Christofi family lay in the fact that Stavros had entered catering and married outside of his community, in the same way that many of his compatriots had done in the 1930s, mirroring the mixed-ethnicity marriages that had characterized London for centuries, and which would become increasingly normal as the twentieth century progressed.147 But crucially, this meant that he had left the village behind, whereas the new Cypriot arrivals in the 1940s and 1950s remained overwhelmingly endogamous. The cooking is smart, modern and decidedly non-touristy, so banish all thoughts of lurid pink taramasalata and plate-smashing. "Palmers Greek" may sound like an ethnic slur, but this long-held nickname for the north London ward of Palmers Green is at least accurate; the area is home to the largest population of Greek-Cypriots outside Cyprus. Not only was this racism aimed at those involved in criminal activity and those taking white women, but since the majority of the Cypriots were concentrated in Soho, they were all easily targeted when police investigations were initiated. Many more decided to remain in the UK and formed the close-knit and growing community of Cypriots in the UK. ), 28/11, Letter from John Stais to Robin Oakley on Early Cypriots in London, 22 Oct. 1965. When recounting his school days at Acland Burlegh in Tufnell Park, Antonagis claims: I was a bit of a naughty schoolboy. Theres a hint of a glint in his eye when he says this, making it fully believable that he hasnt changed all that much. TN.A., CO 67/306/17, secret, T. S. Bell, Liaison Office, to colonial secretary, Cyprus (sent to C.O. Gary Archer: canoe coach and youth advocate, Anna Mason: Head of Heritage at St Johns Gate, Andy Harvey: life at Bonnington House in the 1970s, Company of Elders ready for Elixir Festival at Sadlers Wells, Lindsey Glen: Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration, Adam Wilson: nature and art at Stuart Low Trust, Renske Mann: my life with artist Cyril Mann, Jack & Verity: ready to open Christchurch Community Centre, Highbury N5, Nadine Mellor: Frock Up Friday highlights, Antonagis Andreou: Borstal, gang life, love, Brandon Richards: finding his design feet, I went on the boats and watched the horse racing (closed 1970) at Alexandra Palace. In 1951 the number of West Africans in Britain stood at 5,600 in comparison to 15,300 West Indians, although by 1961 the two groups had reached 19,800 and 171,800, respectively, according to figures gathered from the census in E. J. The Daily Mirror and the Hampstead and Highgate Express both ran the story on their front pages, with the former carrying the headline The life or death ordeals of Mrs Christofi. Greek Cypriots started emigrating here in the Twenties and Thirties, after Cyprus was. This stunning book combines both great recipes and truly powerful stories. My parents wanted me to marry a Greek girl but I was in love, Antonagis explained. Artisan Greek producers rule when it comes to wines and beers. All change His life is quiet, simple, and easy in comparison to his past in London. The most densely Cypriot-populated London borough was St Pancras, followed by Marylebone, Westminster, Islington, Paddington and Lambeth, all within easy reach of the West End, where many Cypriots still worked in hotels and restaurants.46 At the end of 1953 the Daily Express claimed that there were 25,000 Cypriots in the U.K.47 This figure reached 34,040 in 1961, 45,000 in 1966 and 53,095 in 1971.48, One of the pioneering scholars on the history of the Greek Cypriot migration, Robin Oakley, utilizes the words family, kinship and patronage to describe the growth of the community, pointing both to the chains of family migration that evolved from the 1930s onwards and to village migration chains.49 The importance of these chains is also stressed by other sociologists50 and more recently by the migrants of the 1950s and their descendants.51, The Cypriot migrants had a number of characteristics on which the broader British community based stereotypes, especially the peasant type. documentary, which also featured Chrisostomos Sosti.152 But just as transplantation of the family occurred from Cyprus to London, the Anglocentric prejudices that had developed from the British takeover of the island in 1878 informed the debate that surrounded the Styllou Christofi trial (even though they did not lead to the conviction because of the indisputability of the evidence) and contributed to wider prejudice towards Cypriots in Britain. R. Oakley, The control of Cypriot migration to Britain between the wars, Immigrants and Minorities, vi (1987), 3043, at p. 31; and Smith and Varnava Creating a suspect community. A group of Greek Cypriot protesters in the United Kingdom attempted to block on Wednesday the vehicle of Turkish Cypriot leader Ersin Tatar, who traveled to London to speak at an event. The newspapers mentioned that Styllou would be the fourteenth woman hanged in the U.K. since 1900 and the first in London since 1923.113 On 14 December a group of M.P.s made an eleventh-hour attempt to save Styllou. While there are a few tables hidden at the back, the action mostly happens at the bar, where diners can sit and watch the chefs at work in the open kitchen, where they usehot charcoal to prepare most of their ingredients. He sarcastically commented, So this is a murderess who is remarkably tidy in clearing away the evidence of the murder.105, The trial continued on Tuesday 26 October, when the prosecution closed their case. The official concern linked a peasant farming background, which the majority of the London community shared, with ignorance and an inability to reason, despite the fact that by 1958 many Cypriots arriving in the U.K. had lived and/or worked in Cypriot towns, some had at least some secondary schooling, and Cypriots in the U.K. had opened up their own businesses, first in and around Soho and then in Camden Town. With Greece holding a large percentage of the world's maritime merchant shipping, a substantial amount of Greek grown marijuana is shipped throughout Europe on a yearly basis. television documentary film Minorities in Britain: the Cypriot Community (1966) provides a flavour of Camden Town during the 1960s (K.C.L., G.D.A., 7/AV1). A. Varnava, Reinterpreting Macmillans Cyprus policy, 19571960, Cyprus Review, xxii (2010), 79106. Cypriots in Britain: Diaspora(s) committed to peace? Amid the racism and prejudice of 1950s and 1960s London, Antonagis struggled to find his place in society. Opso. [citation needed] Like Cypriots, Pontic Greeks have their own distinctive traditions, whilst remaining ethnically Greek. See esp. More recently, following the economic crisis Cyprus from 2013, a large number of younger, first generation Cypriots, have chosen to remain in the UK following their studies. Greek Cypriots. Estimated reading time:6 minutes, 44 seconds. Were not in Kavos anymore, Toto.

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